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Black Prince's Ruby
The Black Prince's Ruby is a bead-shaped spinel weighing roughly , approximately the size of a chicken egg. It is currently set in the cross pattée above the Cullinan II in the front of the Imperial State Crown. The Black Prince's Ruby is one of the oldest of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, with a known history dating back to the middle of the 14th century and having been in the possession of the rulers of England since it was given in 1367 to its namesake, Edward of Woodstock (the "Black Prince").
==Spinel==
Until fairly modern times, all red gemstones were referred to as "rubies". It was only relatively recently that the rarer ruby has been differentiated from the more common spinel. The two gemstones can be distinguished on the basis of hardness and density, namely that a ruby is slightly harder and denser than a spinel. The two stones can also be told apart by their optical properties: a true ruby is dichroic while a spinel is singly refractive. The rarity of the spinel in this case though, makes it the biggest, uncut spinel in the world, given that it has only been polished slightly, but it hasn't received a proper cut, gemologically speaking.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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